Class 8 SS Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the Peshwa notes in English medium

Class 8 SS Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the peshwa notes in English medium

Important points of the Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the peshwa

1- The book Rise of the Maratha Power was written by Mahadev Govind Ranade.

2- Shivaji Maharaj was born on 19 February 1630 in Shivneri Fort in Poona. His father's name was Shahaji Bhosale. And his mother's name was Jijabai.

3- Shivaji's coronation was done by Pandit Ganga Bhatt on 6 June 1974.

4- Bijapur's commander Afzal Khan tried to stab Shivaji with a dagger on the pretext of hugging him, but Shivaji killed Afzal Khan with a 'Bagh-Nakh (tiger-nail).

5- The treaty of Purandar was signed on 22 June 1665 through Mughal generals King Jai Singh and Shivaji.

6- On 14 January 1761 AD, the third battle of Panipat took place between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali.

7- Maratha Peshwa Bajirao-I took away the island of Basin from Portuguese in 1739 AD.

8- Shivaji's guru's name was Samarth Guru Ramdas.

Shivaji died on 3 April 1680 AD. After his death, his son Shambhaji was made king.

10- The Maratha-Mughal Treaty of 1719 AD was Maratha-Magnacarta by Richard Temple.

11- In the Maratha state, the Prime Minister was known as Peshwa.

12- Chhatrapati - At the time of Shivaji, the Maharaja himself was the center point of administration. The Maharaja mainly held the title of Chhatrapati.

13- Ashtapradhan Parishad- Shvaji appointed a council of eight ministers to aid and advise in administration. This was called Ashtapradhan. Its main function was merely to advise the king.

14. Forcible conversion: Forcing people to change religion by intimidating them was called forceful conversion.

15- Guerrilla War- Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was the father of guerrilla warfare in India. In this type of warfare a small and small numbered army recruits from a large army and strikes covertly.

 Class 8 SS Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the peshwa notes in Hindi

Fill in the blanks-

1)  The book 'Rise of Maratha Power'  was written by ________.

2)  Foreign historian was ________ present at the time of 'Treaty of Purandar'  .

3) Shivaji's mother's name  was ________.

4) __________ is called 'Maratha Magna Carta'.

5) On the occasion of coronation, Shivaji  assumed ________ title.

 (Answer: 1- Mahadev Govind Ranade    2- ____

                   3- Jijabai                       4- Maratha-Mughal Treaty of  1719

                   5- Chhatrapati)

Make proper matches-

            

 Answer : (1-V  2-IV  3-II  4-I  5-III)

 Class 8 SS Chapter 4 Chhatrapati Shivaji and the peshwa notes in Hindi

Exercise Q&A of class 8 Chapter 4-

 Question 1: Describe the life of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj?

Answer: Chhatrapati Shivaji was born on 19 February 1630 AD in the famous Shivneri Fort of Pune. His father's name was Shahaji Bhosale, who was a Maratha Sardar and his mother's name was Jijabai. His Guruji's name was Samarth Ramdas. 

Mata Jijabai used to tell stories of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Indian heroes to Shiva ji since childhood, which had a deep impact on his life. He also taught Shivaji religion, culture and politics. Dada Kondadev taught horse-riding, fencing and shooting. 

In 1643 AD, Shivaji   first won the fort of 'Sinhagad'. After this, in 1646, Toran took control of the fort. When Afzal Khan tried to kill Shivaji on the pretext of hugging, Shivaji killed tiger-nail Afzal Khan. 

Shivaji was coronated on 6 June 1674 AD and assumed the title of Chhatrapati. Shivaji respected all religions. There was equality, liberty and fraternity in his empire. He died on 3 April 1680 AD due to prolonged illness. After his death, his son Sambhaji was made king.  

Shivaji Maharaj was a great warrior and diplomat. Chhatrapati Shivaji is remembered for his indomitable courage, intelligence and efficient governance.

 

Question 2- Describe the struggle of Shivaji Maharaj for the establishment of Hindu Swaraj.
Answer- Shivaji was coronated on 6 June 1674 AD according to Hindu rituals and  assumed the title of Chhatrapati. The establishment of Hindavi Swaraj was an unprecedented and most influential event in 17th-century Indian history. 

This led to the emergence of an independent statutory Maratha state. A secret and transaction fund was prepared in this state. A new era was launched. Rules and laws were made considering Shukracharya and Kautilya as ideals. Gold and copper currencies were issued. On which 'Shri Shiv Chhatrapati' was inscribed. Shivaji Maharaj fought many wars for the establishment of Hindu Swaraj and won.

Question 3: Describe the struggle and contributions of Peshwa Bajirao-I.

Answer: After the death of his father Bajirao Vishwanath, 'Bajirao-I' became the Peshwa. Despite being young, Bajirao was of sharp intellect and strong body. He was skilled in political and government work. Bajirao I is remembered as a fighter Peshwa. Bajirao I set the ideal of Hindu hierarchy. Bajirao reorganized the army of the state and conquered Bundelkhand in 1731 AD. By defeating the combined army of Muslims in Bhopal, the Peshwa had proved the military power of the Marathas superior in the whole of India. The Marathas took away the island of Bassein from the Portuguese in 1739 AD. In 1740, Bajirao-I strengthened the foundations of Maratha power and passed away.

 

Question 4- What were the main features of the administration of Marathas?

Answer: During Shivaji's time, the nature of Maratha administration was very wide. The following departments were structured to run the administration in an orderly manner.

1- Chhatrapati - During Shivaji's time, the Maharaja himself was the center point of administration. The Maharaja majorly assumed the title of Chhatrapati.     

2- Peshwa: He was the Prime Minister of the king and looked after the affairs of the king in his absence. 

3- Ashtha-Pradhan Parishad- Shivaji appointed a council of eight ministers to assist and advise the administration. It was called the Ashta-Pradhan Parishad. Its main function was merely to advise the king.

4- Revenue System:  The main source of income of the Maratha state was agricultural taxes and other taxes. One-tenth of the farmers' produce was collected as Sardeshmukhi tax. The second important source of income was the fourth tax. It was collected from the neighbouring state as one-fourth (1/4th) of his income.

5- Army System- At the time of Shivaji, the Marathas had a very powerful army, whose salary was given from the royal treasury. Padati cavalry was prominent in the Maratha army.
6- Justice System- Justice in the Maratha Empire was done according to ancient Indian traditions. Shivaji's court was called Dharmasabha or Huzoor-Hazir Majlis. The village quarrels were decided by the panchayat. The justice system of the Marathas was very rigid and reformative.

Question 5- What was the revenue system of the Marathas?

Answer: The main source of income of the Maratha state was agricultural taxes and other taxes. One-tenth of the farmers' produce was collected as Sardeshmukhi tax. The second important source of income was the fourth tax. It was collected from the neighbouring state as a quarter of his income. Besides, house tax, irrigated land tax, customs duties etc. were the main sources of income of the state.

 

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