Class 8 SS Geography Chapter 4 Industries notes in English Medium
Class 8 SS Geography Chapter 4 Industries notes in English Medium
Class 8 SS Geography Chapter 4 Industries notes in English Medium
Class 8 SS Geography Chapter 4 Industries notes in English Medium
Q.1 Answer the following questions.
(i) - What is meant by the term industry?
Answer (i) Industry refers to the economic
activity which is related to the production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. For example,
iron and steel industry is concerned with the
production of goods. Coal mining industries are concerned with the extraction of coal and
tourism is a service industry.
Question (ii) What
are the main factors which influence the
location of an industry?
Answer (ii) The factors affecting the
location of industries are as follows:
1)
Availability
of raw materials
2)
Land,
3)
Water,
4)
Labour,
5)
Power,
6)
Capital,
7)
Means of
communication,
8)
Transportation
and
9)
Market.
Industries tend to concentrate on places where all or some of these factors are readily available.
Question (iii) Which
industry is often called the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer (iii) The steel
industry is often called the backbone of modern industries. All the things we
consume are
either made of iron or steel or are made of tools and machines made of these metals. For example Train, trucks, autos,
safety pin needles, building construction, etc.
Question 2: Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro based and mineral based
industries.
Answer (i) Agro-based industries:
These industries use products obtained from plants and animals as raw materials
. For example, cereals, sugar, vegetable oils, cotton textiles, dairy and leather industries.
Mineral based industries: These industries use mineral ores as raw materials.
For example iron ore and steel industry, petroleum industry.
(ii) Public sector and joint sector
industries.
Answer (ii) Public Sector:
Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government. For example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), and Steel Authority of
India Limited (SAIL)
Joint Sector Industries: These industries are owned and operated by both
private individuals and the government. For example, Maruti Udyog.
Q.3 Give two examples of the following in the space provided.
1) Raw
material : Cotton plant and its flower and
Iron ore
II 2) Final
Product : Textile &
Machine
III. 3) Tertiary Activity :
Transport and Communication Services
IV. 4) Agro-based
industries : Textile and furniture
industry
5) cottage
industry : Pottery and basket
weaving
VI. 6) Co-operatives : Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL)
and Sudha Dairy.
Class 8 SS Geography Chapter 4 Industries notes in English Medium
Other Important Questions
Question 4- Into how many areas
are economic activities divided?
Answer 4- Economic activities are divided into three parts:
A) Primary activities or agro-based areas- These activities involve activities related to
nature. For example, agriculture, fisheries, mining, timber industry, etc.
(b) Secondary activities or manufacturing sector: In this sector, the goods of
primary industry are converted into other goods. For example, sugarcane is used in sugar and cotton as cloth.
(c) Tertiary sector or service sector: This sector is related to service. For example,
communication, transportation. Banking and insurance services.
Question 5- How are industries classified?
Answer 5- Industries can be classified on the basis of raw material,
size and ownership.
A) Classification on the basis of raw materials- On the basis of the use of raw materials,
industries can be classified into agro-based, mineral-based, sea-based, and
forest-based.
i) Agro-based industries: These industries use products obtained from
plants and animals as raw materials .
For example, cereals, vegetable oils, cotton textiles, dairy and leather industries.
ii) Mineral based industries: These industries use mineral ores as raw materials. For example, iron
ore and steel industry, petroleum industry.
iii) Marine Industries- These types of industries use commodities
obtained from seas and oceans as raw materials, for example. Seafood processing industry and fishery oil industry.
iv) Forest Based Industries: These
industries use the produce obtained from the forest as raw material, for example, paper industry, furniture
industry, pharmaceutical chemical industry.
B) Classification on the basis of size- The size of the industry means the amount of
capital invested, the number of people employed and the amount of production.
On the basis of size, industries can be divided into two parts. Small scale
industries or cottage industries and large scale industries.
i) Small Scale Industries or
Cottage or Household Industries- There are small scale industries in which products are manufactured
by hand. For example basket weaving, pottery, etc.
(ii) Large Scale Industries or
Large Scale Industries: These are those industries which use a lot of capital and technology and produce goods in large
quantities. For example, automobiles, cars, iron and steel, etc., are
examples of large scale industries.
C) Classification of industries on the basis of ownership- On the basis of ownership,
industries can be classified into
private sector, public sector, joint sector, and cooperative sector.
i) Private Sector:
Private sector industries are owned and operated by a single person or by a
group of individuals. For example, Reliance, Tata, etc.
ii) Public Sector- Public sector industries are owned and
operated by the government. For
example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), and
Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
iii) Joint Sector Industries: These industries are owned and operated jointly
by both private individuals and the government. For example, Maruti Udyog.
(iv) Co-operative Sector
Industries: These industries are owned and operated by raw material
producers, workers or both . For example, Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul) and
Sudha Dairy , etc.
Question 6- How is the industrial region developed?
Answer 6- Industrial region develops when many types of industries
are located close to each other and they share the benefits of their proximity.
There are many industrial regions in India. For example, Mumbai-Pune Group, Ahmedabad-Vadodara
Region, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Industrial
Region, etc.
Question 7- Write a note on
Bhopal gas accident.
Answer 7- The Bhopal gas tragedy took place on December 3, 1984 at
12.30 am. The tragedy involved hydrogen cyanide and highly toxic methyl
isocyanate (M.I.C.There was a gas leak. In 1989, according to official
information, about 36,000 persons died in this tragedy. Thousands of people who
survived still suffer from blindness, immune system deformities, etc.
Question 8- What measures can be taken to reduce industrial risk?
Answer 8- The following measures can be taken to reduce industrial
risk:
1) Industrial areas should be established away from residential
areas.
2) People living near the industrial area should have knowledge of
rescue operations in case of an accident.
3) The system of fire warning and firefighting should be upgraded.
4) The storage capacity of
toxic and harmful substances should be limited.
5) Pollution control measures in industries should be upgraded.
Question 9- What is called 'Sunrise Industry'?
Answer 9- Emerging
industries are known as 'Sunrise
Industries'. This includes industries related to IT, healthcare, hospitality
and knowledge.
Question 10: Write a note on iron and steel industry of India.
Answer 10- Iron and steel industries developed in India
taking advantage of raw materials, cheap labour transport and market. It is spread
over four states – West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Prior to 1947, there was only one steel
plant in India. Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO-TISCO). The
following are the important centres of steel industry in India. Bhilai, Durgapur, Barnapur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela and Bokaro.
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