Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium
Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium
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| Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium |
Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium
Important
vocabulary of text
1. Acquittal: When a
court acquits a person of the charges on the basis of which he was prosecuted,
he is called acquittal.
2- Appeal: When a
party approaches the higher court for reconsideration of the decision of the
lower court, it is called an appeal.
3- Compensation :
Compensation is the money paid to compensate for any loss or damage.
4. Eviction: If
people are evicted from the land or
house in which they are currently living,
it will be called eviction.
5- Violation:
The act of
breaking a law or violation of fundamental rights is said to be a violation.
6- There are three levels of courts in
India- 1) District Courts 2) High Courts
3) Supreme Court.
7- Laws are divided into two parts –
1) criminal law and 2) civil law.
8- Criminal
Law: It deals with those actions which are
considered as crimes in law. For example
theft, dowry harassment, murder, etc. Usually, a First Information Report (FIR) is
lodged and the offender is sent to jail.
9- Civil Law: These are related to
the violation or violation of the rights of the person. For example, disputes
over the sale of land, rent, divorce, etc. In this, a lawsuit is filed on
behalf of the victim and the court arranges relief to the aggrieved party.
10- FIR (First Information Report) - First
Information Report or FIR
11- PIL (Public Interest Litigation)- जनहित
याचिका
12- The Supreme Court of India advises
the President in matters relating to law.
13. The
retirement age of Supreme Court judges is 65 years. And the age of High Court
Judges is 62 years.
Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium
Practice FAQs
Q.1- You have read that upholding the law and enforcing
fundamental rights is the main job of the judiciary. Why is it important
for the judiciary to be independent to perform this
important task?
Answer 1- It is very important for the judiciary to uphold
the law and to enforce the fundamental rights. This can
be explained from the following points:
1) The independence of the
judiciary gives enormous strength to the courts.
2) It is only on the basis of this
power that they can prevent the misuse of powers by the legislature and the
executive.
3) If judges are under the control
of politicians , they will not be able to make
independent decisions. And they will be forced to take decisions in favour of
the leaders.
Question 2- Chapter 1 gives a list
of fundamental rights. Read it again. Why do you think the right to
constitutional remedy is linked to the idea of judicial review?
Answer 2- The Indian Constitution
has given the following fundamental rights to the citizens :
1) Right to
Equality
2) Right to Freedom
3) Right against
exploitation
4) Right to Freedom of
Religion
5) Cultural and Educational
Rights
6) Right to Constitutional
Remedies
The right to constitutional
remedies entitles citizens to the right to approach the court when fundamental
rights are violated . Similarly, if the judiciary
feels that a law passed by Parliament violates the basic structure of the
Constitution, it can strike it down.
This is called judicial review. Therefore, these two ideas are related
to each other because they both protect the fundamental rights of citizens.
Q.3: The court is shown in all
three levels below. Write before each one what the court decided in Sudha Goel's case. Recount
your answer to other students in the class.
Answer 3.
Based on the statements and
evidence of witnesses, the trial court convicted Sudha Goyal's husband Laxman,
her mother-in-law Shakuntala and Sudha's brother-in-law Subhash Chandra and
sentenced them to death.
The High Court, after hearing the
arguments of the lawyers, decided that Sudha Goyal's death was an accident and
acquitted all three of them.
Supreme Court- The Supreme Court
found Laxman and his mother guilty and sentenced them to life
imprisonment. But Subhash Chandra was acquitted due to lack of sufficient
evidence against him.
Class 8 SS Civics Chapter 4 Judiciary notes in English Medium
Q.4- Read the statements given
below keeping in mind the case of Sudha Goyal. Mark the statements which are
correct and correct the statements which are wrong.
a)
The accused took the matter to the
high court as they did not agree with the verdict given by the trial court. = Correct
b)
They moved the High Court against
the Supreme Court verdict. = Wrong, they
went to the High Court against the decision of the lower court.
c)
If the accused are not satisfied
with the decision of the Supreme Court, then they can go to the lower court
again. = Wrong. The decision of the Supreme Court cannot be appealed anywhere
else.
Q.5: Why do you think the PIL
system, introduced in the 1980s, was an important step towards delivering
justice for all?
The Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
system introduced in the 1980s was a very important step in
providing justice to all. The reasons for this are as follows:
1)
Maximum number
of persons got access to justice through PIL.
2)
Through this, any other person or
institution can file a public interest litigation on their behalf if there is a
violation of rights in anyone.
3)
This made the legal process
easier.
4)
A letter sent in the name of the
Supreme Court or High Court can also be treated as a Public Interest
Litigation.
5)
People have been given justice on
many issues through PILs.
Q.6: Re-read excerpts from the
judgment in the case of Olga Tellis v. Municipal Corporation of Mumbai. The
judgement states that the right to livelihood is part of the right to life.
Write in your own words what the judges mean by this statement.
Answer 6: By this statement, the
judges meant that one of the most important aspects of the right to life is the
right to livelihood because no one can survive without livelihood. When a
person is uprooted from a slum, his means of livelihood are immediately
destroyed.
Question 7: Make a story on the
topic 'Justice delayed means the murder of justice '.
Answer: The biggest issue of the
Indian judiciary is that the courts take many years to hear the case. And
during this period , the victim leaves this world in
the hope of justice. For this reason, it is said that 'justice is delayed means
justice is murdered'.
Story- A person rented his house to
someone. A few years later, when the landlord asked to vacate his house, the
tenant refused to vacate the house. The landlord filed a
case in court. Five years later, when the verdict came in favour of the
landlord, the tenant filed an appeal in the High Court. Now this lawsuit has
also been going on for many years. In
this way, the landlord, despite being the owner of the house, is not able to
live in his house. Thus, it is fair to say that justice delayed means justice
is murdered.
Question 8: Construct one sentence from
each word given in the following vocabulary .
1) Acquittal – Mohan was acquitted
of the charge of theft.
2) Appealing (praying): Ram filed an appeal in the High Court as the verdict of the case against him was not in his favour .
3) Compensation – Farmers were
compensated for crop failure due to rains.
4) Eviction (removal) – Due to non-compliance, the father
dispossessed the son of his property.
5) Violation (breaking
the rules) – We should not violate the rules of traffic.
Question 9 - This poster has been
created by the Right to Food Campaign.
Read this poster and list the
obligations of the government regarding the right to food. The poster reads,
"Hungry stomachs will not work, will not work" on the pages of this
statement. Compare the picture essay on the right to food at 55 .
Answer 9- Obligations of the
Government with respect to the right to food.
1) It is the responsibility of the
government to provide food to all.
2) The government should create new
jobs and provide food at a cheaper rate through
government ration shops.
3) Lunch (MDM=Mid-Day-Meal) should be given to children in schools.
Other Important Questions
Question 10- What is the
difference between different branches of legal system?
or
What is the difference between
Criminal and Civil Law?
Answer 10- There is a difference
between them:
|
Criminal
Law |
civil
law |
|
1)
These relate to behaviour that is considered a crime in law. |
They
are related to the violation of a person's rights. |
|
2)
First of all, there is an FIR and the
police investigate the crime. |
In
this, a petition is filed in the court on behalf of the aggrieved party. |
|
3. If
the person is found guilty, he is sent to jail and a fine can also be
imposed. |
In
this, the
courts provide relief to the aggrieved party. |
|
4-
Examples- Theft, dowry harassment, murder, etc. |
Examples-
Sale of land, landlord and tenant dispute, and divorce lawsuit etc. |
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